Thomas Fanning Wood (1841-1892)
by William R. Burk, 2006
Couch Biology Library, Botany Section
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Thomas Fanning Wood, born February 23, 1841, in Wilmington, North Carolina,
was the son of Robert Barclay and Mary Ann (Wilber) Wood. Young Wood attended
several local schools. While at the Odd Fellows School from 1850 to 1857,
later called Mr. McGinney's, he first studied scientific disciplines,
including botany (Wood, 1914). Thomas Wood claimed that in his botany class
he “learned very little, [and] didn't gain a high opinion” of the discipline
of botany. Although Wood's introduction to botany was not very favorable, he
later devoted much of his spare time to its study, publishing several
articles on the flora of the Wilmington region.
Wood's early years were spent studying in
various settings. At age 17, he entered the office of Dr. James Fergus McRee
Jr. as a regular medical student. He taught at the school of Thomas H.
Williams in 1858. He then worked in an office for Eli W. Hall, a lawyer,
followed by a stint under the tutelage of Dr. William George Thomas. By 1860,
he was a clerk for Eli W. Hall again, but he was also keeping a new drugstore
that had been established by Louis B. Erambert. Wood enjoyed working in the
store, where he could read and learn about drugs.
When the American Civil War commenced, Wood
joined the Wilmington Rifle Guards, which later became one of several companies
of the Eighteenth Regiment, North Carolina Infantry (Koonce, 2000). He joined
the regiment in 1861, and he became a surgeon's assistant in Richmond,
Virginia. He entered the Medical College there about October 1862. In January
1863, Wood received an invitation from the Surgeon General of the Army to
appear before the Board of Medical Examiners in Richmond during February.
After a successful examination, he served as an assistant surgeon at the rank
of captain in the 3rd North Carolina Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia.
After the war ended, Wood devoted a lifetime
to medical practice in his hometown of Wilmington. With fellow physician
Moses De Rosset III, he co-founded in 1878 the North Carolina Medical
Journal, a “Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery, published in Wilmington,
N.C.” He was founder of the North Carolina State Board of Health, holding
offices of secretary and executive officer from 1878 to 1892. He was a member
of the American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association
(vice president, 1891), and the Medical Society of North Carolina (secretary,
about 1868-1871; president, 1882). Interested in medical and scientific
literature and in book collecting, Wood was an active member of the Library
Association of Wilmington, in which he served as president at the time of his
death.
About 1867, Wood earnestly began studies in
botany, becoming particularly knowledgeable about the diverse flora of the
New Hanover County, North Carolina, region. Among his botanical correspondents
were William Marriott Canby, Moses Ashley Curtis, Allen Hiram Curtiss, Job
Bicknell Ellis, Gerald McCarthy, Francis Peyre Porcher, Henry William
Ravenel, and George Vasey. Of his forty-eight botanical publications, the
best known was Wilmington Flora, which was published in the Journal of the
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society (Wood & McCarthy, 1886). It was a
revision of the 1835 publication by Dr. Moses Ashley Curtis (1835), his
botanical mentor, and it listed additional species, updated names, and expanded
distributional stations. Also included was a folded map of the area covered.
Serving as chairman of the section on botany
of the Historical and Scientific Society of Wilmington, Wood presented
several papers at its meetings. Among those known are “North Carolina as a
Field for the Naturalist” (Wood, 1881), “The Insectivorous Plants Growing
Around Wilmington” (Wood, 1882), “The Edible and Poisonous Fungi” (Wood,
1928), and “Biographical Sketch of Moses A. Curtis, D.D.” (also read before
the Mitchell Society on May 23, 1885 ([Wood, 1885]). He reissued Dr. Curtis's
(1835) description of the Venus' flytrap (Wood, [1887]) along with a new
commentary on its distribution. A copy of this rare pamphlet is held in the
North Carolina Collection at UNC-Chapel Hill. Wood's botanical expertise
provided an appropriate background for his position on the Committee for the
Revision of the Pharmacopeia, to which he was elected to serve ten-year terms
first in 1880 and then in 1890. He was a charter member of the Elisha Mitchell
Scientific Society. He served as its president from 1885 to 1887, and while
ill-health kept him from meeting with society officers, “in various ways he
[gave] assistance and encouragement” (Anonymous, 1887). One biographer
(Anonymous, 1892a) noted that Wood had developed a herbarium and a collection
of botany books; however, the fate of his herbarium is unknown (Stafleu &
Cowan, 1988).
Thomas Fanning Wood died on August 22, 1892,
at age fifty-one in his home at the corner of Second and Chestnut Streets,
now the site of the New Hanover County Public Library (Anonymous, 1892b,;
1892c). The medical community commemorated his professional and social
contributions with biographical memorials, and UNC professor Joseph A. Holmes
gave an outline (unpublished) of Wood's valued life before the December 6,
1892, meeting of the Mitchell Society. Wood was survived by his wife, Mary
Kennedy (Sprunt) Wood, whom he had married in Wilmington on November 17, 1875
(Anonymous, 1875) and his five children, Edward Jenner, Thomas Fanning, John
Hunter, Jane Dalziel, and Margaret. Internment took place at the Oakdale
Cemetery, Wilmington. Further insight into Wood's life has been recorded in
publications by his biographers (Burk, 2006; Cooper, 1928; Koonce, 2000;
Magruder, 1996). Several archival collections also house relevant papers on
Wood (LHR, NCSA, and UNC-W).
REFERENCES
Anonymous. 1875. Married. Wood—Sprunt. The
Morning Star (Wilmington, NC) 17(52): [1], Tuesday, November 23, 1875.
Anonymous. 1887. [President of the Society]. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell
Scientific Society 4: 7.
Anonymous. 1892a. Dr. Thomas Fanning Wood. North Carolina Medical Journal 30:
168-175.
Anonymous. 1892b. A good man gone. The death of Dr. Thomas Fanning Wood—Brief
sketch of this able physician and influential citizen. Wilmington Messenger
(Wilmington, NC), Tuesday, August 23, 1892, p. [4].
Anonymous. 1892c. Funeral of the lamented Dr. Wood. Wilmington Messenger
(Wilmington, NC), Wednesday, August 24, 1892, p. [4].
Burk, William R. 2006. Thomas Fanning Wood (1841-1892) and his botanical
contributions. Huntia 12(2): 113-148.
Cooper, George M. 1928. The Woods—father and son. Thomas Fanning Wood, M.D.
Edward Jenner Wood, M.D., S.B. (D.T.M. London). Southern Medicine and Surgery
90: [787]-794.
Curtis, Moses Ashley. 1835. Art. VIII—Enumeration of plants growing
spontaneously around Wilmington, North Carolina, with remarks on some new and
obscure species. (Communicated, September 3, 1834). Boston Journal of Natural
History 1(2): 82-141.
Koonce, D. B. (editor). 2000. Doctor to the Front; The recollections of
confederate surgeon Thomas Fanning Wood 1861-1865. (Voices of the Civil War).
Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. xxvi, 252 pp.
LHR. Local History Room, Wood Family Clippings, etc., Bill Reaves Collection,
New Hanover County Public Library, North Carolina Room, Wilmington, North
Carolina.
Magruder, Nathaniel F. 1996. Wood, Thomas Fanning, pp. 261-262. in William S.
Powell (editor), Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, vol. 6. The University
of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
NCSA. North Carolina State Archives, Dr. Thomas Fanning Wood Papers, Private
Collection #1346, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Stafleu, Frans A. & Richard S. Cowan. 1988. Thomas Fanning Wood, p. 441.
in Taxonomic Literature; A selective guide to botanical publications and
collections with dates, commentaries and types, 2nd edition, vol. 7. Bohn,
Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht/Antwerpen, dr. W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The
Hague/Boston.
UNC-W. University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wood Family Papers. #172,
Randall Library Special Collections.
Wood, Thomas F. 1881. North Carolina as a field for the naturalist. At Home
and Abroad 1: [145]-151, [217]-224, [289]-291.
Wood, Thomas F. 1882. Insectivorous plants of the Wilmington regions.—:read
by:—Dr. Thos. F. Wood. At Home and Abroad 3: 416-423.
Wood, Thomas F. 1885. A sketch of the botanical work of the Rev. Moses Ashley
Curtis, D.D. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 2: 9-31.
Wood, Thomas F. [1887]. Interesting Description of the Venus Fly Trap, an
Insectivorous or Flesh Eating Plant. Found Near Wilmington, N.C. [no
publisher given, no place given]. [3] pp. (North Carolina Collection, Louis
Round Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill).
Wood, Thomas F. 1914. T. F. Wood. Some
Recollections of His Life, written by Dr. Thomas F. Wood. Copied by his
daughter Maggie H. Wood, 18th August 1914, Wilmington, N.C. 218 pp. June -
July 1914. Typescript based on a three-volume manuscript. (Original
manuscript and typescript version are in the Wood Family Papers, Special
Collections, #172, William Madison Randall Library, University of North
Carolina, Wilmington). (see typescript version, pp. 16, 19 & 48).
[Wood, Thomas F.]. 1928. Autobiographical
sketch of Thomas Fanning Wood. (written in 1892). Southern Medicine and
Surgery 30: 794-795
Wood, Thomas F. & Gerald McCarthy. 1886.
Wilmington Flora: A list of plants growing about Wilmington, N. C. with date
of flowering, with a map of New Hanover County. Journal of the Elisha
Mitchell Scientific Society 3: [77]-141 & folded map.
